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Halitosis and Related Factors among Rural Residents

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ÀÌ¿µ¿Á, È«ÁøÇ¥, ÀÌÅ¿ë,
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ÀÌ¿µ¿Á ( Lee Young-Ok ) - ´ëÀüº¸°Ç´ëÇÐ Ä¡À§»ý°ú
È«ÁøÇ¥ ( Hong Jung-Pyo ) - °æÈñ´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°úÇб³½Ç
ÀÌÅ¿ë ( Lee Tae-Yong ) - Ãæ³²´ëÇб³ ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ ¿¹¹æÀÇÇб³½Ç

Abstract

º» ¿¬±¸´Â ³óÃÌÁö¿ª ÁֹεéÀÇ ±¸Ãë½ÇŸ¦ ÆľÇÇÏ°í ±¸Ãë¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¿äÀÎÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº½À¸·Î½á ±¸Ã뿹¹æ ¹× È¿À²ÀûÀÎ ±¸ÃëÁ¦°Å ¹æ¾ÈÀ» ¸¶·ÃÇϴµ¥ ±âÃÊ ÀڷḦ Á¦°øÇÏ°íÀÚ ÀϺΠ³óÃÌÁö¿ªÀÇ ÁֹΠ293¸íÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î 2006³â 1¿ù 4ÀϺÎÅÍ 1¿ù 21ÀϱîÁö ¸éÁ¢¼³¹®Á¶»ç(±¸°­À§»ý°ü¸® ÇàÅÂ, ±¸Ãë°ü·Ã Áúº´·Â, ±¸Ãë½ÇÅÂ), ±¸ÃëÃøÁ¤, ±¸°­°Ë»ç, Ä¡¾Æ¿ì½ÄÈ°¼º°Ë»ç(½º³ªÀÌ´õ°Ë»ç, Ÿ¾×ºÐºñÀ²°Ë»ç, Ÿ¾×¿ÏÃæ´É°Ë»ç)¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇÑ °á°ú ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °á·ÐÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Ù.
1. ÀÕ¼ÖÁú Ƚ¼ö´Â 1ÀÏ 2ȸ°¡ 46.1 %·Î °¡Àå ¸¹¾Ò°í, ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ³²ÀÚº¸´Ù ÀÕ¼ÖÁú Ƚ¼ö°¡ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. ¸ÅÀÏ Çô¼ÖÁúÀ» ÇÏ´Â ±ºÀº 25.6%À̾ú°í, º¸Á¶ ±¸°­À§»ý¿ëÇ°À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ±ºÀº 9.2 %À̾ú´Ù.
2. Æò»ó½Ã ±¸Ã븦 ÀÚ°¢ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àº 62.5 %À̾ú°í, ±¸Ã븦 °¡Àå ½ÉÇÏ°Ô ÀÚ°¢ÇÏ´Â ½Ã±â´Â ±â»ó ÈÄ°¡ 72.7 %, ±¸Ã븦 ÀÚ°¢ÇÏ´Â ºÎÀ§´Â ÀÕ¸ö¿¡¼­ 23.0 %, ±¸ÃëÀÇ À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î´Â ±¸¸° ³¿»õ°¡ 37.2 %·Î ³ô°Ô ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
3. ±¸ÃëÃøÁ¤ °á°ú OG´Â 50 ppm¹Ì¸¸ÀÌ 54.3 %, 50¢¦100 ppm ¹üÀ§¿¡ 41.6 %·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ°í, NH©ý´Â 20¢¦60 ppm ¹üÀ§¿¡ 52.6%·Î °¡Àå ³ô¾Ò´Ù.
4. ±¸Ãë°ü·Ã Áúº´·Âº° OG´Â Ä¡¾Æ¿ì½ÄÁõÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ½ÄÆí¾ÐÀÔ, ´ç´¢º´°ú ±¸Ãë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡Á··Â±º¿¡¼­ 50¢¦100 ppm ¹üÀ§¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏ°Ô ³ô¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, NH©ý´Â È£Èí±â°è Áúȯ±º¿¡¼­ À¯ÀÇÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
5 Æò»ó½Ã ±¸Ãë ÀÚ°¢Á¤µµº° OG´Â ¡®³¿»õ°¡ ³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¡¯´Â ±º°ú ¡®°¡²û ³¿»õ°¡ ³­´Ù¡¯´Â ±º¿¡¼­ 50 ppm ¹Ì¸¸¿¡ °¢°¢ 55.9 %, 57.5 %·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ°í, ¡®º»ÀÎÀÌ ´À³¥ Á¤µµ·Î Ç×»ó ³¿»õ°¡ ³­´Ù¡¯´Â ±º°ú ¡®Ç×»ó ½ÉÇÏ°Ô ³¿»õ°¡ ³­´Ù¡¯´Â ±º¿¡¼­ 50¢¦100 ppm ¹üÀ§¿¡ °¢°¢ 52.0 %, 63.6 %·Î ³ô°Ô ³ªÅ¸³µÀ¸¸ç, NH©ý´Â ¸ðµÎ 20¢¦60 ppm ¹üÀ§¿¡ ³ô°Ô ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
6. ±¸°­°Ë»çº° OG´Â Ä¡¼ö³ëÃâÄ¡¿Í ½ÄÆí¾ÐÀÔÀÌ ¸¹À»¼ö·Ï, ¼³ÅÂÁö¼ö°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁú¼ö·Ï 50¢¦100 ppm ¹üÀ§¿¡ OG°ªÀÌ Áõ°¡µÇ¾ú°í, NH©ý´Â º¸Ã¶Ä¡°¡ ¸¹À»¼ö·Ï, ¼³ÅÂÁö¼ö°¡ ³ô¾ÆÁú¼ö·Ï À¯ÀÇÇÏ°Ô Áõ°¡µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÇÏ¾Ç ±¹¼ÒÀÇÄ¡±º¿¡¼­ 60 ppm ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î À¯ÀÇÇÏ°Ô Áõ°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
7. ½º³ªÀÌ´õ°Ë»ç´Â °íµµÈ°¼ºÀÌ 43.0 %·Î °¡Àå ³ô¾Ò°í, »ê »ý¼º±ÕÀÇ È°¼ºÀÌ ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï OG°ªÀÌ Áõ°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù. Àڱؼº Ÿ¾×ºÐºñÀ² °Ë»ç´Â 8.0 ml ÀÌÇÏ¿¡¼­ 62.5 %·Î °¡Àå ³ô¾Ò°í, Ÿ¾×ºÐºñÀ²ÀÌ ¸¹À»¼ö·Ï OG°ªÀÌ °¨¼ÒµÈ ºÐÆ÷¸¦ º¸¿´À¸¸ç, Ÿ¾×¿ÏÃæ´É°Ë»ç´Â 0.1N À¯»ê¿ë¾×ÀÇ ¹æ¿ï ¼ö°¡ 6¢¦10 ¹æ¿ï¿¡¼­ 58.7 %·Î °¡Àå ³ô¾Ò°í, Ÿ¾×¿ÏÃæ´ÉÀÌ Áõ°¡µÉ¼ö·Ï OG°ªÀÌ ³¿»õ¸¦ ´À³¢Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â 50 ppm ¹Ì¸¸¿¡¼­ Áõ°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.
8. ±¸°­È¯°æ°ú ±¸Ãë¿ÍÀÇ »ó°ü°ü°è¿¡¼­ OG´Â Ÿ¾×ºÐºñÀ², º¸Ã¶Ä¡¿Í À½ÀÇ »ó°ü°ü°è¸¦, Ä¡¼ö³ëÃâÄ¡, ÃæÀüÄ¡, ÇöÁ¸Ä¡, ¼³Å·®, ½ÄÆí¾ÐÀÔ°ú ¾çÀÇ »ó°ü°ü°è¸¦ º¸¿´À¸¸ç, NH©ý´Â ¿ì½ÄÄ¡¿Í À½ÀÇ »ó°ü°ü°è¸¦, º¸Ã¶Ä¡, ÀÕ¼ÖÁú Ƚ¼ö¿Í ¾çÀÇ »ó°ü°ü°è¸¦ º¸¿´´Ù.
9. ´ÙÁßȸ±ÍºÐ¼® °á°ú¿¡¼­ OG¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â ¿äÀÎÀ¸·Î´Â ¿©ÀÚ, Ä¡¼ö³ëÃâÄ¡, º¸Ã¶Ä¡, ½ÄÆí¾ÐÀÔ, Ÿ¾×ºÐºñÀ², ¼³ÅÂÁö¼ö, ½º³ªÀÌ´õ°Ë»çÀÇ °íµµÈ°¼ºÀÌ ¼±Á¤µÇ¾ú°í À̵éÀÇ ¼³¸í·ÂÀº 45.1 %À̾úÀ¸¸ç, NH©ý¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â ¿äÀÎÀ¸·Î´Â ¿©ÀÚ, Ä¡¼ö³ëÃâÄ¡, ¼³ÅÂÁö¼ö, º¸Ã¶Ä¡°¡ ¼±Á¤µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç À̵éÀÇ ¼³¸í·ÂÀº 6.6 %À̾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ»óÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ º¼ ¶§, Á¶»ç´ë»ó ³óÃÌÁö¿ª ÁֹεéÀÇ ±¸Ãë½ÇÅ´ ±¸°­È¯°æ ¹× ±¸Ãë°ü·Ã ¿äÀÎ, Ä¡¾Æ¿ì½ÄÈ°¼º°Ë»çÀÇ ½º³ªÀÌ´õ °Ë»ç, Ÿ¾×ºÐºñÀ²°Ë»ç¿Í ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù.
µû¶ó¼­ À̵é ÁֹεéÀÇ ±¸Ã뿹¹æÀ» À§Çؼ­´Â ½ÄÈÄ¿¡ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ÀÕ¼ÖÁú ¹æ¹ý ¹× Çô¼ÖÁú°ú ´õºÒ¾î º¸Á¶ ±¸°­À§»ý¿ëÇ°À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ½ÄÆí¾ÐÀÔ°ú ¼³ÅÂÁ¦°Å¸¦ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Çʿ伺ÀÌ °­Á¶µÈ´Ù. ±¸ÃëÀÇ ¿øÀΰú ±× ¼ººÐÀº ¸Å¿ì º¹ÀâÇÏ°í ´Ù¾çÇϹǷΠ°³Àκ° ±¸Ãë¹ß»ý ¿äÀÎÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ºÐ¼®Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ÃßÈÄ °è¼ÓÀûÀÌ°í, ü°èÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇϸç, º¸°Ç(Áö)¼ÒÀÇ Ä¡°úÀ§»ý»ç¸¦ È°¿ëÇÏ¿© Áö¿ª»çȸ Áֹε鿡°Ô °è¼ÓÀûÀÎ ±¸°­º¸°Ç±³À° ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ Á¦°øµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÈ´Ù.

This study was conducted through an interview process in which questionnaires were administered to 293 people. The questionnaires related to the behaviors of oral hygiene care, and disease history related to halitosis, and status of halitosis, halitosis measurement, oral examination, and caries activity tests such as the snyder test, Salivary flow rate test, and Salivary buffering capacity test. Our sample was taken from 293 rural residents within the period from 4th to 21st of January 2006. This was done in order to provide basic data to prepare both policies of halitosis prevention and a device to efficiently measure halitosis status and investigate the factors related therein. The major findings of this study results are as follows:
1. As for frequency of tooth brushing, twice a day occupied the greatest portion at 46.1 % Women exceeded men in frequency of tooth brushing. Tongue brushing everyday produced a 25.6 % result among subjects and The use of auxiliary oral hygiene devices occupied 9.2 %.
2. As for degree of usual self-awareness of halitosis: 62.5 %. This result also demonstrate that the severest time of self-awareness in regards to halitosis is wake up time in the morning. The time period produced the highest portion of 72.7 % in times of self-awareness. In terms of the area in which halitosis was observed, gum resulted in 23.0 %. As for types of halitosis, fetid smell was the most frequent at 37.2 %.
3. As for the result of halitosis measurement, values of OG less than 50 ppm occupied 54.3 % and 50¢¦100 ppm occupied 41.6 %. As for NH©ý values, 20¢¦60 ppm showed the highest value range of 52.6 %.
4. As for OG per disease history related to halitosis, values of OG were significantly high in the ranges of 50¢¦100 ppm within family history groups of food impaction by dental caries, diabetes mellitus and halitosis. As for values of NH©ý, there showed a significant difference in respiratory system disease groups.
5 Value range of OG per ordinary halitosis self-awareness degree: values ranging less than 50 ppm were recorded at 55.9 % from the group realizing not aware of smell. 57.5 % from groups only realizing sometimes, while values range of 50¢¦100 ppm were recorded at 52.0 % from groups always aware of smell. 63.6 % from groups always strongly aware of smell. Meanwhile as for the values ranges of NH©ý, 20¢¦60 ppm. they occupied high portions for all groups of exams.
6. Values of OG per oral examination: the more pulp-exposed teeth and food impaction and the higher the tongue plaque index, values of OG increased within the range of 50¢¦100 ppm. As for values of NH©ý, the more prosthetic teeth and the higher the tongue plaque index, this value increased significantly, and the values increased up to no less than 60 ppm for groups of mandibular partial denture.
7. Within the realm of caries activity test: as for the Snyder test, high activity was highest by 43.0 % wherewith the higher the activity of acidogenic bacteria the higher the OG values. As for the salivary flow rate test, the number of cases below 8.0 ml showed the highest tendency by 62.5 %. The larger the salivary flow rate the more decreased OG values distribution. As for the salivary buffering capacity test, 6¢¦10 drops of 0.1N lactic acid showed the overwhelming trend by 58.7 % whereby the higher the salivary buffering capacity the greater distribution occupancy ratio of OG values below 50 ppm which is scentless to on ordinary person.
8. As for the correlation between oral environment and halitosis, OG showed the positive correlation with pulp exposed teeth, filled teeth, present teeth, tongue plaque index, and food impaction, while the negative correlation with salivary flow rate and prosthetic teeth. NH©ý showed a positive correlation with prosthetic teeth and frequency of tooth brushing, while decayed teeth was negative correlation.
9. As for the multiple regression analysis result, there have been selected female, pulp exposed teeth, prosthetic teeth, food impaction, salivary flow rate, tongue plaque index and severe activities in the Snyder test as factors affecting OG wherein explanatory power on it was 45.1 %. There have been selected females, pulp exposed teeth, tongue plaque index, and prosthetic teeth as factors affecting on NH©ý wherein explanatory power on it was 6.6 %.
With the aforementioned results in mind, the status of halitosis among rural residents is considered to bare a close relation with oral environments and other factors related to halitosis such as the Snyder test from caries activity test, and salivary flow rate test. For the prevention of halitosis of residents in rural areas, we have to focus on correct tooth brushing methods and tongue brushing, with using auxiliary oral hygiene devices to remove fur of tongue plaque and food impaction. Also, when the cause and ingredients of halitosis are diverse and complex, in order to analyze exactly the factors of individual halitosis development, we need continuous and systematic study in order to provide rural residents with programs of oral hygiene education and encourage the use of dental hygienists in public health centers.

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Halitosis;Tongue plague;Gingival index;CPI;Simplified oral hygiene index;Caries activity test

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